underwood



w. H. UNDERWOOD.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DE'C. 28,1917- 1,3gO,296, Patented Oct. 28,1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. H. UNDERWOOD.

METAL WORKING MACHINE,

APPLICATION FILED DEC-28,1917.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

Patented 001;. 28, 1919.

wfi gm Q \NNN %N 91 \h \w aw W W \v i m AW. mm a 6 sw 9 l 9w, Q v 3 SW QM). a 1L WALTER H. UNDERWOOD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

METAL-WORKING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

Application filed December 28, 1917. Serial No. 209,328.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, \VALTER H. UNDER- wooo, a citizen of the United States, and residing at New York city, county of New York, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal- Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine having one embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the guide plate for the tool;

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional elevation through the .tool andguide plate taken substantially ,on the line H of Fig. 2; v:

Fig. 5 is an elevation of a portion of the -gparing for driving'the screw of the guide P Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan View of the tool; Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the relation'between the inclination of'the tool guide way and the angular arrangement 1 tion of one of the plates used in the tool;

and

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view showing the cutting edge/of the plates.

The present inventlon is of particular utility in the manufacture of metal hair as described in my copending application 156,095

filed March 20, 1917. The hair may be pro- ;duced by being cut with a skew of plow cut from either a flat or: round bar stock on a planer, lathe or similar tool, Which'is constructed rigidly for fine work, The tool employed comprises aplurality of plates which may be rectangular having a, straight cutting edge, when used in a lathe. In a planer however the plates aredisks having circular cutting edges. For purposes of illustration I have shown the present invention as. applied to a lathe and tool made up of rectangular plates. It is to be under stood, however, that the invention is not limited to a lathe and such tool but is equally applicable to other metal working machines and other forms of tools.

The tool, as shown in Figs. 6 to 10 inclusive, comprises a boX or holder 10 within which a plurality of plates 11 are secured. As it is generally necessary to mount the plates in the holder at an angle to the ends thereof, they may be arranged between the angle blocks or spacers 12 and 13. In order to clamp the plates andsecurely hold them against displacement, a pair of set screws 1-1- may be threaded through one end of the box to engage the block 12. As shown in Figs. 2 and 6 the plates are arranged with their cutting edges projecting from the holder so as to cut the round stock 15 which may be mounted in the lathe in the usual manner.

a The plates are preferably rectangular having one edge beveled as at 16 to form a cutting edge, the angle between the two surfaces which form the edge being-approximately 87 for one-third of the width of the edge as indicated at A, Fig. 10, the remainder forming an angle of about 75 as shownat B, to permit clearance for the filament or hair which is being cut from the stock.

- As will be described more in detail hereinafter the holder 10 is mounted in the machine so that the right hand plate as viewed in Fig. 2 is nearer the axis of the stock than the left hand plate. Furthermore the cutting edges are inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the stock.

Thus as the tool is fed to the left as viewed in Fig. 2, and the stock rotated, each cutting edge will scrape off a filament or hair of the stock, each filament being of uniform size, fine gage .and having a slight twist about its longitudinal axis. The size of the filament depends on the feed of the tool and its inclination to the axis of the stock. The

thickness of the filaments is controlled by this latter adjustment. If filaments onethousandth of an inch thick be desired the tool should be inclined so that the cutting edge of any plate is one-thousandth of an inch nearer the axis of the stock than the preceding cutting edge. The amount of twist given the hair depends on the inclination of the cutting edge relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the stock. The

greater the inclination the greater the twlst.

From the foregoing it is apparent that the cutting edge is subjected to very severe service. Although the edge is strong because of the fact that only about 5? of metal is cut away, nevertheless 1t is found in practice that it will not stand up to cut a substantial length of hair. In order to overcome this difiiculty I have conceived the novel idea of successively using portions of the cutting edge, so that the cutting is not all done by a single portion of the tool. In this manner a sharp cutting edge is always used and furthermore the entire length of the cutting edge is utilized, which, in itself is an economy, as it reduces the frequency of grinding the cutting edges. As far as I am aware, I am the first to cut metal with a tool, the cutting edge of which is utilized progressively so that a fresh and sharp edge is always employed.

The invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different constructions. As shown in the drawings the machine may comprise a bed 16 supported by legs 17, a head stock 18 and a tail stock 19. The stock 15 is mounted on the centers 20' and 21, the latter projecting from the head stock and being supported near its end by a bearing 22 on the arm 23 projecting from the rear of the bed. Any suitable means such as a dog 24 may be employed to rotate the stock with the spindle 21, the latter being driven by a belt on any of the pulleys 25.

A carriage 26 is mounted for movement transversely of the bed on the dove tail ways 27. The usual screws 28 and nuts 29 are employed to adjust the carriage. At the rear, the screws 28 havethe bevel gears 30 in mesh with bevel gears 31 on shaft 32, which is actuated from a handle 33 at the front of the machine by shaft 34, the worm 35 and worm wheel 36. Thus the carriage is adjusted transversely of the bed by turn ing the handle 33.

At the front of the machine the carriage has the standard 37 and pivoted thereto between the stock and standard is a guide plate 38. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the rear side of this plate is provided with the dove tail guide-way 39. A screw 40 is mounted in a recess in this guide-way in a well known manner, being secured against longitudinal movement by the collars 41 and 42. The base of the tool support 10 is formed with a dove tail recesswhich takes over the dove tail guide 39 and with a nut 43 through which the screw 40 is threaded. For the purpose of rotating the screw 40, a counter shaft 44 is driven from the main shaft by the gears 45, 46.. and 47, the gear 45 being-a change gear in the I usual manner. .The shaft 44 through the bevel gears 48 and 49 drives the splined cross shaft 50 having bearings in the bed. A bevel gear 51 is splined to thi shaft and is held in mesh with the bevel gear 52 on the vertical shaft 53 by the bearing 54 carried by the carriage 26. A bevel gear 55 is splined to the shaft 53 and held in mesh with a bevel gear 56 keyed to a short shaft 57 by a bearing 58. This latter bearing is part of a bearing for the shaft 57 and both are adjustable on the support 59'by means of slot 60 and bolts 61. The short shaft 57 is connected to the screw 40 by a universal joint 62 one member of which may be splined to its shaft to permit the angular adjustment of the guide plate 38 on its pivot 63.

Thus as the stocl is,rotated, the tool will clamping the bearing in proper position".

When the machine is set in operation, the tool support 10 will travel down the inclined guide-way 39 and therefore effect a relative movement between the stock and cutting edges of the tool along the length of the latter whereby fresh portions of the cutting edges successively act on the stock.

An inspection of the diagrammatic Fig. 7 discloses that the inclination of the tool guide-way, that is, the angle (1 depends on the length of the stock and the length of the cutting edges of the tool. Knowing these two dimensions the guide-plate can be set at the proper inclination, so that the entire length of the cutting edges will be progressively utilized. The length of thecutting edges of the tool depend upon the diameter of the stock, its hardness and also upon the material from which the tool is made. Thus stock of a large diameter requires a longer cutting edge on the tool than small diameter stocks as the hair cut is longer. Likewise a relatively long cutting edge is required to cut hard materials.

be set in the box 10 so that they make an angle (0-42) with the ends thereof, and the space blocks 12, 13 must be of proper shape to give the correct,- inclination. Thus if it is desired to have the cutting edge make an" angle of 5 with the transverse plane, and 1f the angle of inclination of the tool guideis claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A machine for cutting metal including in combination a tool having a continuous cutting edge, a portion only of which is 0p erative to cut at any one time, means for relatively moving the stock and tool to take a cut, means for feeding the stock and tool one relative to the other, and means for effecting a relative movement between the stock and cutting edge in the direction of the length of said edge to cause the cutting to be done by successive portions of the said ed e.

A machine for cutting metal including in combination, a tool having a continuous cutting edge, a portion only of which is operative to cut at any one time, means for moving the stock relative to the tool to take a cut, means for feeding the tool in a direction substantially at right angles to the movement of the stock, and means for moving the cutting edge relative to the stock in the direction of its length to successively present fresh cutting portions.

3. A machine for cutting metal including in combination, a tool having a continuous cutting'edge, a portion only of which is operative to cut at any one time, and means for moving the cutting edge of the tool relative to the stock in the direction of length of said edge to cut with successive fresh portions thereof.

4. A machine for cutting metal'including means for rotating the stock, a tool having a cutting edge arranged at a small angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stock, means for moving the tool axially of the stock and means for moving the cutting edge relative to the stock to cut with successive portions thereof.

5. A machine for cutting metal including means for rotating the stock, a tool having a cutting edge arranged at a small angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stock, means for moving the tool axially of the stock and means for effecting a relative movement between the Stock and cutting edge to cut with successive portions thereof.

6. A machine for cutting metal, including a tool having a continuous cutting edge, means for relatively moving the stock and tool, the cutting edge of the tool being inclined slightly to the direction of said relative movement, means for relatively moving the stock and tool in a direction substantially at right angles to the direction of said first relative movement, and means for effecting the cut with successive portions of said edge.

7. A machine for cutting metal including in combination, a tool having a continuous cutting edge, a. portion only of which is operative to cut at any one time, means for relatively moving the tool and stock to make a cut and other means for relatively moving the stock and tool continuously along the cutting edge to cut with successive portions of said edge.

8. A lathe for cutting metal including in combination, a tool having a continuous cutting edge, a portion only of which is operative to cut at any one time, and means for moving the tool longitudinally of the stock' and also in the general direction of its cutting edge including a guideway for the tool inclined relative to a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the stock.

In testimony whereof I ailix mysignature.

WALTER H. UNDEBWOOD. 

